13 The four-point residue: fusion, area, and an explicit density
The one-screening calculation can be completed at the level of four-point residues. Two intermediate Virasoro channels contribute, their change of basis is an explicit hypergeometric connection matrix, and the invariant Hermitian pairing is exactly the flat area. This gives both a density and an evaluation of its total volume for arbitrary four deficit weights. At balanced weights, the two ordinary blocks coalesce and must be replaced by a regularized logarithmic basis.
13.1 The two spectral pinches and their coefficients
Put the fields with charges at , respectively. Throughout this section (13.1) To take a transverse residue, vary the charges near this locus and write (13.2) The -channel pairs the marks ; its spectral integrand contains For real charges the last product is the absolute square. For continuation in complex charges, both chiral factors are continued analytically, rather than conjugating the variable charges. We use the DOZZ/KRV normalization fixed in Section 12.
The bootstrap identity is established in an initial convergence domain by [60, Theorem 1.1]. Its continuation requires the discrete terms created by crossing poles, as the paragraph following that theorem also explains. The relevant contour mechanism and pole families are described in [95, Section 7.2, eqs. (87)–(90)].
The local pinch calculation.
Two opposite pole families are with nonnegative integer indices. At they collide only if Since , this forces and . Thus the two intermediate charges are (13.5) Their reflected partners are included in the usual unfolded contour. We first work at generic weights and then take the regularized limits at coincident poles.
The coefficients require only elementary special-function identities. Define (13.6) For a three-point function with , the zero- and one-screening residues, with respect to the displayed sum coordinate, are For completeness these follow directly from DOZZ. Its denominator is ; use At reflection cancels the other factors. At , the product of shifted ratios is . Combining it with the DOZZ prefactor and proves the second identity. These are the conventions of [95, eqs. (9), (11), (13)].
Set (13.8) and, initially assuming , define (13.9) At , the left three-point function has its zero-screening pole and the right one its one-screening pole, with coefficient . At their roles reverse, with coefficient . In the local coordinate the singular product is The contour separating and gives the coefficient . In the unfolded spectral normalization the reflection partner supplies the other half of the local residue. Under the continuation and tail-control input above, the remaining contour integral is holomorphic in and contributes no residue. The contour calculation therefore gives (13.10) The identity itself also follows without continuing the infinite spectral integral: combine the first-moment residue (12.8), in the transverse coordinate , with the independently proved period pairing (13.19) and the block factorization (13.12). This fixes the normalization and sign independently of the conditional contour derivation. Conventions for the overall normalization of correlations differ in the literature; the bootstrap normalization is calibrated by (13.7).
13.2 Why the screening integrals are the Virasoro blocks
Let and take branches positive for , continued first to . The normalized -channel periods are The full normalized chiral blocks are (13.12) Here the conformal weight is and the central charge is .
To verify the block identification, the screening field has weight . Integration over a closed twisted cycle therefore commutes with the Virasoro action: its Ward commutator is a total derivative. A screening outside a circle separating from gives intermediate charge , while a screening inside gives . The corresponding Euler arc integrals are The positive arc branches are phase-normalized versions of the twisted periods; closed Pochhammer contours justify the Ward-identity argument, with the same normalized functions. Dividing out the beta constants sets the leading coefficient to one. The leading exponents agree because The screened intertwiner construction and uniqueness of the normalized Ward solution identify the functions at every level; see [95, Section 18.1, eq. (224)]. Here , so these internal weights are positive and avoid the degenerate Verma weights at . No external degenerate field is assumed.
The two blocks solve a second-order hypergeometric equation after removal of the common factor . This reduction is a consequence of the specified one-screening charge locus, not a general second-order equation for arbitrary four-point Liouville blocks.
13.3 The finite fusion matrix
For , the normalized -channel periods, pairing , are Their internal charges are and , and their full chiral blocks are . Thus the same matrix relates periods and normalized screened Virasoro blocks: (13.15) where (13.16) This is the Gauss connection formula, obtained by substituting , , in [54, eqs. 15.10.21–22]. The Wronskians give (13.17) The matrix is independent of the Liouville parameter when the deficits are fixed. All -dependence in these blocks is then in the common factor and in the overall correlation normalization.
There is a simpler expression in actual arc coordinates. For real , put Gamma reflection reduces (13.16) to (13.18) These arc pairs cease to be bases at the corresponding balanced weights. The divergent coefficients in this formula cannot be specialized there without first changing basis.
13.4 The Hermitian pairing and its direct verification
We now prove the area pairing directly from periods: (13.19) Together with the first-moment residue, this supplies an independent derivation of (13.10). The complex beta integral is (13.20) for and . Introduce positive Laplace parameters for the two powers, perform the Gaussian integral in , and then use their sum and ratio as variables. The remaining integrals are an ordinary Gamma integral and , proving the formula.
The area is a constant Hermitian form in the period basis. For , local monodromy has distinct eigenvalues , so the form is diagonal in . If , sending in the area integral and using (13.20) gives . If , rescaling gives the leading coefficient . To determine the other coefficient, first assume also . Monodromy at makes the Hermitian form diagonal in , so the off-diagonal entry after the real connection matrix vanishes: Every matrix entry here is nonzero at these real nonresonant weights. Hence either already determined coefficient fixes the other; Gamma reflection gives precisely (13.9). Continuity at , with fixed, completes this argument without crossing the singular -channel basis. For this continuity the area integrals are locally dominated: on compact sets of admissible weights their singular exponents stay below , and their decay at infinity stays faster than .
The signs of are opposite. The pairing has signature ; the positive value of on the period line is compatible with that indefinite signature. It is not a positive probability decomposition into two channels. In arc coordinates it becomes (13.21) Define and The connection preserves the area exactly: (13.22) This follows either from the two area decompositions or directly from Gamma recurrence and reflection. On the specified real branch .
13.5 A closed formula for the four-point density and total volume
The area expression gives an explicit density in the conformal cross-ratio. In this section the period notation is and , with the same curvature- normalization as (7.6). For a holomorphic column and constant Hermitian matrix , differentiation gives (13.23) The hypergeometric equation yields (13.24) Using and the curvature- convention therefore gives (13.25) The area in the denominator is explicitly the hypergeometric combination (13.19). Although that diagonal basis is singular at balanced weights, the density extends through them by its logarithmic limit.
Its integral can also be evaluated. At , if then , while if then . In both cases the metric density has the form , giving cone angle . At the area has logarithmic growth and the end is a cusp. The same argument at gives the other two angles and . This agrees with the three-ended cone-sphere completion described in [66, Section 5].
Gauss–Bonnet, retaining the labels, gives the integral (13.26) For the last equality, order the weights as and put . The sum constraint forces . The three absolute bipartition differences have sum This proves the stated minimum formula. Equal weights give ; for example gives .
The integral here is of the smooth curvature on the open moduli space, with its cone/cusp completion. If one instead extends as a distribution to the compactified sphere, the explicit pairwise powers have delta masses at collisions. Their logarithms are pluriharmonic only off those collisions.
13.6 Four equal weights: the logarithmic fusion calculation
When all , both and vanish. The functions coincide. On the representation side, , so the two intermediate charges have the same Virasoro weight. The second solution is a regularized logarithmic, or parameter-derivative, block; it is not a second independent ordinary normalized highest-weight block at the same weight.
Use the independent periods (13.27) Here uses the parameter convention of (7.10). Put and define (13.28) The logarithmic expansion [54, Sections 15.10 and 19.12] gives where is a harmonic number. Thus the holomorphic part has zero constant term. The analogous statement for uses . Solving (13.28) gives the finite connection matrix (13.29) It has determinant and its square is the identity.
The limiting area pairing is The Hermitian matrices in the two displayed bases are (13.31) The connection (13.29) preserves exactly.
One can see the cancellation rather than just substitute into a singular formula. Take and . Then The pole terms cancel in (13.19), leaving (13.30). This explains precisely how the regularized residue sector survives the coincidence of the ordinary blocks.
For counterclockwise loops about and , respectively, the period column has monodromies In the oriented torus-period basis , , these become (13.32) They give the expected projective monodromy. The channel exchange swaps and acts on by . For oriented integral cycles this is a symplectic swap up to a common phase of the developing differential.
Finally, (13.33) Indeed , or equivalently . Near , This gives the integrable cusp density directly in the cross-ratio coordinate.
13.7 What the calculation establishes
The first-moment residue, the screened Virasoro blocks, and the independently computed Hermitian period pairing agree with all constants fixed. Under (13.3) and the stated contour-continuation conditions, the infinite spectral representation gives the same answer through its two pinches. The finite fusion transformation on the two-dimensional one-screening residue sector is the period connection matrix (13.16), with (13.29) at the fully balanced point. Its independent derivation requires no infinite-contour interchange. Matrix entries are not being identified with unspecified pointwise values of a bare - function.
This completes the finite four-point residue calculation. Section 14 matches its quantum-group normalization explicitly, strengthens the Gram-matrix obstruction, and computes a classical cubic saddle for the separate compact-tetrahedron degeneration.