Polyhedra, Moduli,
and Quantum Geometry

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On this page
  1. 13.1 The two spectral pinches and their coefficients
  2. 13.2 Why the screening integrals are the Virasoro blocks
  3. 13.3 The finite fusion matrix
  4. 13.4 The Hermitian pairing and its direct verification
  5. 13.5 A closed formula for the four-point density and total volume
  6. 13.6 Four equal weights: the logarithmic fusion calculation
  7. 13.7 What the calculation establishes

13 The four-point residue: fusion, area, and an explicit density

The one-screening calculation can be completed at the level of four-point residues. Two intermediate Virasoro channels contribute, their change of basis is an explicit hypergeometric connection matrix, and the invariant Hermitian pairing is exactly the flat area. This gives both a density and an evaluation of its total volume for arbitrary four deficit weights. At balanced weights, the two ordinary blocks coalesce and must be replaced by a regularized logarithmic basis.

13.1 The two spectral pinches and their coefficients

Put the fields with charges α1,α2,α3,α4\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3,\alpha_4 at 0,1,z,∞0,1,z,\infty, respectively. Throughout this section 0<b<1,Q=b+b−1,αi=μi2b,0<μi<1,∑iμi=2.0<b<1,\qquad Q=b+b^{-1},\qquad \alpha_i=\frac{\mu_i}{2b},\qquad 0<\mu_i<1,\qquad \sum_i\mu_i=2.(13.1) To take a transverse residue, vary the charges near this locus and write ε=∑iαi−Q+b,as=α1+α3.\varepsilon=\sum_i\alpha_i-Q+b,\qquad a_s=\alpha_1+\alpha_3.(13.2) The ss-channel pairs the marks 0,z0,z; its spectral integrand contains C(α1,α3,Q−α)C(α,α2,α4)ℱα(z)ℱα(z‾).C(\alpha_1,\alpha_3,Q-\alpha) C(\alpha,\alpha_2,\alpha_4) \mathcal F_\alpha(z)\mathcal F_\alpha(\bar z). For real charges the last product is the absolute square. For continuation in complex charges, both chiral factors are continued analytically, rather than conjugating the variable charges. We use the DOZZ/KRV normalization fixed in Section 12.

The bootstrap identity is established in an initial convergence domain by [60, Theorem 1.1]. Its continuation requires the discrete terms created by crossing poles, as the paragraph following that theorem also explains. The relevant contour mechanism and pole families are described in [95, Section 7.2, eqs. (87)–(90)].

Analytic input for the spectral derivation.

The infinite integral requires a separate continuation statement. In the present charge convention and ordering, the initial real bootstrap domain has αi<Q/2\alpha_i<Q/2, α1+α3>Q/2\alpha_1+\alpha_3>Q/2, and α2+α4>Q/2\alpha_2+\alpha_4>Q/2. The one-screening locus ∑iαi=Q−b\sum_i\alpha_i=Q-b lies outside that domain. Meromorphic dependence of each integrand factor alone does not justify continuing the integral. The spectral derivation below uses the following sufficient input, at fixed 0<b<10<b<1.

Continue from the initial domain along a specified path of complex charges, retaining every residue of a pole crossed by the contour. Locally, the deformed contours are required to coincide with Q/2+iℝQ/2+i\mathbb R outside a fixed compact set. Near a generic target point, separate the finitely many pinch contributions, including their reflected partners, and write the remaining term using a locally fixed contour Γreg\Gamma_{\mathrm{reg}} avoiding all poles. Its integrand ℐreg(α;ε,η,z)\mathcal I_{\mathrm{reg}}(\alpha;\varepsilon,\eta,z) must be holomorphic in the charge coordinates through ε=0\varepsilon=0; here η\eta denotes the remaining charge coordinates. Any additional discrete terms left in this remainder must also be holomorphic there. Require normal absolute convergence: on every compact set KK of these complex charge parameters and of noncolliding zz in the chosen branch chart, there is GK∈L1(ℝ)G_K\in L^1(\mathbb R) such that on the common contour ends sup(ε,η,z)∈K|ℐreg(Q/2+iP;ε,η,z)|≤GK(P).\sup_{(\varepsilon,\eta,z)\in K} \left|\mathcal I_{\mathrm{reg}}(Q/2+iP;\varepsilon,\eta,z)\right| \le G_K(P).(13.3) The same normal-convergence requirement is imposed on compact continuation neighborhoods along the path, after their crossed-pole terms are separated. If another contour prescription moves the ends, the connecting pieces at infinity must additionally have integrals tending to zero uniformly on those parameter sets.

Under these conditions, the truncated regular integrals are holomorphic in ε\varepsilon and converge locally uniformly as the spectral cutoff tends to infinity. Their limit is therefore holomorphic through ε=0\varepsilon=0, and Cauchy’s residue integral in that parameter commutes with removal of the cutoff. The regular term contributes no residue; only the finite pinch terms do.

This is an additional analytic input for the contour proof. No estimate (13.3) is proved here, and the cited bootstrap theorem in its initial domain is not being used as such an estimate at the one-screening locus. The residue identity below also has an independent first-moment and period derivation. The curvature identity and finite fusion formulas use that derivation. Balanced limits are taken in the finite period expressions; no uniform spectral estimate through further pole coalescences or as b→0b\to0 is asserted.

The local pinch calculation.

Two opposite pole families are α=as+mb+n/b,α=Q−α2−α4−m′b−n′/b=as+b−ε−m′b−n′/b,(13.4)\begin{aligned} \alpha&=a_s+mb+n/b,\\ \alpha&=Q-\alpha_2-\alpha_4-m'b-n'/b =a_s+b-\varepsilon-m'b-n'/b, \end{aligned} with nonnegative integer indices. At ε=0\varepsilon=0 they collide only if (m+m′−1)b2+(n+n′)=0.(m+m'-1)b^2+(n+n')=0. Since 0<b2<10<b^2<1, this forces m+m′=1m+m'=1 and n=n′=0n=n'=0. Thus the two intermediate charges are αs(0)=as,αs(1)=as+b.\boxed{\quad \alpha_s^{(0)}=a_s,\qquad \alpha_s^{(1)}=a_s+b.\quad}(13.5) Their reflected partners Q−αs(j)Q-\alpha_s^{(j)} are included in the usual unfolded contour. We first work at generic weights and then take the regularized limits at coincident poles.

The coefficients require only elementary special-function identities. Define 𝔤(x)=Γ(x)Γ(1−x).\mathfrak g(x)=\frac{\Gamma(x)}{\Gamma(1-x)}.(13.6) For a three-point function with Σ=α1+α2+α3\Sigma=\alpha_1+\alpha_2+\alpha_3, the zero- and one-screening residues, with respect to the displayed sum coordinate, are ResΣ=QC=1,ResΣ=Q−bC=−πΛL∏j=13𝔤(2bαj).(13.7)\begin{aligned} \operatorname*{Res}_{\Sigma=Q}C&=1,\\ \operatorname*{Res}_{\Sigma=Q-b}C &=-\frac{\pi\Lambda_L} {\prod_{j=1}^3\mathfrak g(2b\alpha_j)}. \end{aligned} For completeness these follow directly from DOZZ. Its denominator is Υb(Σ−Q)∏jΥb(Σ−2αj)\Upsilon_b(\Sigma-Q)\prod_j\Upsilon_b(\Sigma-2\alpha_j); use Υb(Q−x)=Υb(x),Υb(x+b)=𝔤(bx)b1−2bxΥb(x).\Upsilon_b(Q-x)=\Upsilon_b(x),\qquad \Upsilon_b(x+b)=\mathfrak g(bx)b^{1-2bx}\Upsilon_b(x). At Σ=Q\Sigma=Q reflection cancels the other factors. At Σ=Q−b=1/b\Sigma=Q-b=1/b, the product of shifted ratios is b/∏j𝔤(2bαj)b/\prod_j\mathfrak g(2b\alpha_j). Combining it with the DOZZ prefactor and 𝔤(b2)𝔤(−b2)=−b−4\mathfrak g(b^2)\mathfrak g(-b^2)=-b^{-4} proves the second identity. These are the conventions of [95, eqs. (9), (11), (13)].

Set δ0=1−μ1−μ3,δ1=1−μ2−μ3,δ∞=1−μ3−μ4,\delta_0=1-\mu_1-\mu_3,\qquad \delta_1=1-\mu_2-\mu_3,\qquad \delta_\infty=1-\mu_3-\mu_4,(13.8) and, initially assuming δ0≠0\delta_0\ne0, define h0=π𝔤(δ0)𝔤(μ2)𝔤(μ4),h1=π𝔤(−δ0)𝔤(μ1)𝔤(μ3).h_0=\frac{\pi\mathfrak g(\delta_0)} {\mathfrak g(\mu_2)\mathfrak g(\mu_4)}, \qquad h_1=\frac{\pi\mathfrak g(-\delta_0)} {\mathfrak g(\mu_1)\mathfrak g(\mu_3)}.(13.9) At α=as\alpha=a_s, the left three-point function has its zero-screening pole and the right one its one-screening pole, with coefficient −ΛLh0-\Lambda_Lh_0. At α=as+b\alpha=a_s+b their roles reverse, with coefficient −ΛLh1-\Lambda_Lh_1. In the local coordinate x=α−αs(j)x=\alpha-\alpha_s^{(j)} the singular product is ΛLhjx(x+ε).\frac{\Lambda_Lh_j}{x(x+\varepsilon)}. The contour separating x=−εx=-\varepsilon and x=0x=0 gives the coefficient −ΛLhj/ε-\Lambda_Lh_j/\varepsilon. In the unfolded 1/(4πi)1/(4\pi i) spectral normalization the reflection partner supplies the other half of the local 1/(2πi)1/(2\pi i) residue. Under the continuation and tail-control input above, the remaining contour integral is holomorphic in ε\varepsilon and contributes no residue. The contour calculation therefore gives Resε=0C4(z)=−ΛL(h0|ℱ0(z)|2+h1|ℱ1(z)|2).\boxed{\quad \operatorname*{Res}_{\varepsilon=0}C_4(z) =-\Lambda_L\left( h_0|\mathcal F_0(z)|^2+h_1|\mathcal F_1(z)|^2\right). \quad}(13.10) The identity itself also follows without continuing the infinite spectral integral: combine the first-moment residue (12.8), in the transverse coordinate ε=b(s+1)\varepsilon=b(s+1), with the independently proved period pairing (13.19) and the block factorization (13.12). This fixes the normalization and sign independently of the conditional contour derivation. Conventions for the overall normalization of correlations differ in the literature; the bootstrap normalization is calibrated by (13.7).

13.2 Why the screening integrals are the Virasoro blocks

Let F(a,b;c;z)=2F1(a,b;c;z)F(a,b;c;z)={}_2F_1(a,b;c;z) and take branches positive for 0<z<10<z<1, continued first to ℂ\((−∞,0]∪[1,∞))\mathbb C\setminus(({-\infty},0]\cup[1,\infty)). The normalized ss-channel periods are f0(z)=F(1−μ4,μ3;μ1+μ3;z),f1(z)=zδ0F(μ2,1−μ1;1+δ0;z).(13.11)\begin{aligned} f_0(z)&=F(1-\mu_4,\mu_3;\mu_1+\mu_3;z),\\ f_1(z)&=z^{\delta_0} F(\mu_2,1-\mu_1;1+\delta_0;z). \end{aligned} The full normalized chiral blocks are ℱj(z)=Eb(z)fj(z),Eb(z)=z−μ1μ3/(2b2)(1−z)−μ2μ3/(2b2).\mathcal F_j(z)=E_b(z)f_j(z),\qquad E_b(z)=z^{-\mu_1\mu_3/(2b^2)} (1-z)^{-\mu_2\mu_3/(2b^2)}.(13.12) Here the conformal weight is Δ(α)=α(Q−α)\Delta(\alpha)=\alpha(Q-\alpha) and the central charge is cL=1+6Q2c_L=1+6Q^2.

To verify the block identification, the screening field has weight Δ(b)=b(Q−b)=1\Delta(b)=b(Q-b)=1. Integration over a closed twisted cycle therefore commutes with the Virasoro action: its Ward commutator is a total derivative. A screening outside a circle separating 0,z0,z from 1,∞1,\infty gives intermediate charge asa_s, while a screening inside gives as+ba_s+b. The corresponding Euler arc integrals are S0=∫1∞w−μ1(w−1)−μ2(w−z)−μ3⁡dw=B(1−μ2,1−μ4)f0(z),S1=∫0zw−μ1(1−w)−μ2(z−w)−μ3⁡dw=B(1−μ1,1−μ3)f1(z).(13.13)\begin{aligned} S_0&=\int_1^\infty w^{-\mu_1}(w-1)^{-\mu_2}(w-z)^{-\mu_3}\mathop{}\!\mathrm dw =B(1-\mu_2,1-\mu_4)f_0(z),\\ S_1&=\int_0^z w^{-\mu_1}(1-w)^{-\mu_2}(z-w)^{-\mu_3}\mathop{}\!\mathrm dw =B(1-\mu_1,1-\mu_3)f_1(z). \end{aligned} The positive arc branches are phase-normalized versions of the twisted periods; closed Pochhammer contours justify the Ward-identity argument, with the same normalized functions. Dividing out the beta constants sets the leading coefficient to one. The leading exponents agree because Δ(as)−Δ(α1)−Δ(α3)=−2α1α3,Δ(as+b)−Δ(as)=δ0.\Delta(a_s)-\Delta(\alpha_1)-\Delta(\alpha_3) =-2\alpha_1\alpha_3, \qquad \Delta(a_s+b)-\Delta(a_s)=\delta_0. The screened intertwiner construction and uniqueness of the normalized Ward solution identify the functions at every level; see [95, Section 18.1, eq. (224)]. Here 0<as,as+b<Q0<a_s,a_s+b<Q, so these internal weights are positive and avoid the degenerate Verma weights at cL>25c_L>25. No external degenerate field is assumed.

The two blocks solve a second-order hypergeometric equation after removal of the common factor EbE_b. This reduction is a consequence of the specified one-screening charge locus, not a general second-order equation for arbitrary four-point Liouville blocks.

13.3 The finite fusion matrix

For δ1≠0\delta_1\ne0, the normalized tt-channel periods, pairing z,1z,1, are g0(z)=F(1−μ4,μ3;μ2+μ3;1−z),g1(z)=(1−z)δ1F(1−μ2,μ1;1+δ1;1−z).(13.14)\begin{aligned} g_0(z)&=F(1-\mu_4,\mu_3;\mu_2+\mu_3;1-z),\\ g_1(z)&=(1-z)^{\delta_1} F(1-\mu_2,\mu_1;1+\delta_1;1-z). \end{aligned} Their internal charges are α2+α3\alpha_2+\alpha_3 and α2+α3+b\alpha_2+\alpha_3+b, and their full chiral blocks are EbgjE_b g_j. Thus the same matrix relates periods and normalized screened Virasoro blocks: (f0f1)=𝖬(g0g1),\begin{pmatrix}f_0\\f_1\end{pmatrix} =\mathsf M\begin{pmatrix}g_0\\g_1\end{pmatrix},(13.15) where 𝖬=(Γ(1−δ0)Γ(δ1)Γ(μ1)Γ(1−μ2)Γ(1−δ0)Γ(−δ1)Γ(μ3)Γ(1−μ4)Γ(1+δ0)Γ(δ1)Γ(1−μ3)Γ(μ4)Γ(1+δ0)Γ(−δ1)Γ(1−μ1)Γ(μ2)).\boxed{\quad \mathsf M=\begin{pmatrix} \dfrac{\Gamma(1-\delta_0)\Gamma(\delta_1)} {\Gamma(\mu_1)\Gamma(1-\mu_2)} &\dfrac{\Gamma(1-\delta_0)\Gamma(-\delta_1)} {\Gamma(\mu_3)\Gamma(1-\mu_4)}\\[10pt] \dfrac{\Gamma(1+\delta_0)\Gamma(\delta_1)} {\Gamma(1-\mu_3)\Gamma(\mu_4)} &\dfrac{\Gamma(1+\delta_0)\Gamma(-\delta_1)} {\Gamma(1-\mu_1)\Gamma(\mu_2)} \end{pmatrix}. \quad}(13.16) This is the Gauss connection formula, obtained by substituting a=1−μ4a=1-\mu_4, b=μ3b=\mu_3, c=μ1+μ3c=\mu_1+\mu_3 in [54, eqs. 15.10.21–22]. The Wronskians give det⁡𝖬=−δ0δ1.\det\mathsf M=-\frac{\delta_0}{\delta_1}.(13.17) The matrix is independent of the Liouville parameter bb when the deficits μi\mu_i are fixed. All bb-dependence in these blocks is then in the common factor EbE_b and in the overall correlation normalization.

There is a simpler expression in actual arc coordinates. For real 0<z<10<z<1, put T0=∫−∞0(−w)−μ1(1−w)−μ2(z−w)−μ3⁡dw=B(1−μ1,1−μ4)g0,T1=∫z1w−μ1(1−w)−μ2(w−z)−μ3⁡dw=B(1−μ2,1−μ3)g1.\begin{aligned} T_0&=\int_{-\infty}^0 (-w)^{-\mu_1}(1-w)^{-\mu_2}(z-w)^{-\mu_3}\mathop{}\!\mathrm dw =B(1-\mu_1,1-\mu_4)g_0,\\ T_1&=\int_z^1 w^{-\mu_1}(1-w)^{-\mu_2}(w-z)^{-\mu_3}\mathop{}\!\mathrm dw =B(1-\mu_2,1-\mu_3)g_1. \end{aligned} Gamma reflection reduces (13.16) to (S0S1)=1sin⁡(πδ1)(sin⁡(πμ1)−sin⁡(πμ3)sin⁡(πμ4)−sin⁡(πμ2))(T0T1).\boxed{\quad \begin{pmatrix}S_0\\S_1\end{pmatrix} =\frac1{\sin(\pi\delta_1)} \begin{pmatrix} \sin(\pi\mu_1)&-\sin(\pi\mu_3)\\ \sin(\pi\mu_4)&-\sin(\pi\mu_2) \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}T_0\\T_1\end{pmatrix}. \quad}(13.18) These arc pairs cease to be bases at the corresponding balanced weights. The divergent coefficients in this formula cannot be specialized there without first changing basis.

13.4 The Hermitian pairing and its direct verification

We now prove the area pairing directly from periods: 𝒜μ(z)=h0|f0(z)|2+h1|f1(z)|2.\boxed{\quad \mathcal A_\mu(z)=h_0|f_0(z)|^2+h_1|f_1(z)|^2. \quad}(13.19) Together with the first-moment residue, this supplies an independent derivation of (13.10). The complex beta integral is ∫ℂ|w|−2p|1−w|−2q⁡d2w=πΓ(1−p)Γ(1−q)Γ(p+q−1)Γ(p)Γ(q)Γ(2−p−q),\int_{\mathbb C}|w|^{-2p}|1-w|^{-2q}\mathop{}\!\mathrm d^2w =\pi\frac{\Gamma(1-p)\Gamma(1-q)\Gamma(p+q-1)} {\Gamma(p)\Gamma(q)\Gamma(2-p-q)},(13.20) for 0<p,q<10<p,q<1 and p+q>1p+q>1. Introduce positive Laplace parameters for the two powers, perform the Gaussian integral in ww, and then use their sum and ratio as variables. The remaining integrals are an ordinary Gamma integral and B(1−q,1−p)B(1-q,1-p), proving the formula.

The area is a constant Hermitian form in the period basis. For δ0≠0\delta_0\ne0, local monodromy has distinct eigenvalues 1,e2πiδ01,e^{2\pi i\delta_0}, so the form is diagonal in (f0,f1)(f_0,f_1). If δ0>0\delta_0>0, sending z→0z\to0 in the area integral and using (13.20) gives h0h_0. If δ0<0\delta_0<0, rescaling w=zuw=zu gives the leading coefficient h1h_1. To determine the other coefficient, first assume also δ1≠0\delta_1\ne0. Monodromy at 11 makes the Hermitian form diagonal in (g0,g1)(g_0,g_1), so the off-diagonal entry after the real connection matrix vanishes: h0𝖬00𝖬01+h1𝖬10𝖬11=0.h_0\mathsf M_{00}\mathsf M_{01} +h_1\mathsf M_{10}\mathsf M_{11}=0. Every matrix entry here is nonzero at these real nonresonant weights. Hence either already determined coefficient fixes the other; Gamma reflection gives precisely (13.9). Continuity at δ1=0\delta_1=0, with δ0≠0\delta_0\ne0 fixed, completes this argument without crossing the singular ss-channel basis. For this continuity the area integrals are locally dominated: on compact sets of admissible weights their singular exponents stay below 22, and their decay at infinity stays faster than |w|−2|w|^{-2}.

The signs of h0,h1h_0,h_1 are opposite. The pairing has signature (1,1)(1,1); the positive value of 𝒜μ\mathcal A_\mu on the period line is compatible with that indefinite signature. It is not a positive probability decomposition into two channels. In arc coordinates it becomes 𝒜μ=sin⁡(πμ2)sin⁡(πμ4)|S0|2−sin⁡(πμ1)sin⁡(πμ3)|S1|2sin⁡(πδ0).\mathcal A_\mu= \frac{\sin(\pi\mu_2)\sin(\pi\mu_4)|S_0|^2 -\sin(\pi\mu_1)\sin(\pi\mu_3)|S_1|^2} {\sin(\pi\delta_0)}.(13.21) Define Hs=diag⁡(h0,h1)H_s=\mathop{\mathrm{diag}}(h_0,h_1) and Ht=diag⁡(π𝔤(δ1)𝔤(μ1)𝔤(μ4),π𝔤(−δ1)𝔤(μ2)𝔤(μ3)).H_t=\mathop{\mathrm{diag}}\left( \frac{\pi\mathfrak g(\delta_1)} {\mathfrak g(\mu_1)\mathfrak g(\mu_4)}, \frac{\pi\mathfrak g(-\delta_1)} {\mathfrak g(\mu_2)\mathfrak g(\mu_3)}\right). The connection preserves the area exactly: 𝖬*Hs𝖬=Ht.\mathsf M^*H_s\mathsf M=H_t.(13.22) This follows either from the two area decompositions or directly from Gamma recurrence and reflection. On the specified real branch 𝖬*=𝖬T\mathsf M^*=\mathsf M^T.

13.5 A closed formula for the four-point density and total volume

The area expression gives an explicit density in the conformal cross-ratio. In this section the period notation is ωDM,μ=ωCH,μ\omega_{\mathrm{DM},\mu}=\omega_{\mathrm{CH},\mu} and VDM(μ)=VCH(μ)V_{\mathrm{DM}}(\mu)=V_{\mathrm{CH}}(\mu), with the same curvature-−1-1 normalization as (7.6). For a holomorphic column 𝒇=(f0,f1)T\boldsymbol f=(f_0,f_1)^T and constant Hermitian matrix HH, differentiation gives ∂z∂z‾log⁡(𝒇*H𝒇)=det⁡H|f0f1′−f0′f1|2(𝒇*H𝒇)2.\partial_z\partial_{\bar z}\log(\boldsymbol f^*H\boldsymbol f) =\frac{\det H\,|f_0f_1'-f_0'f_1|^2} {(\boldsymbol f^*H\boldsymbol f)^2}.(13.23) The hypergeometric equation yields W(f0,f1)=δ0z−(μ1+μ3)(1−z)−(μ2+μ3),−h0h1δ02=π2∏i𝔤(μi).W(f_0,f_1)=\delta_0 z^{-(\mu_1+\mu_3)}(1-z)^{-(\mu_2+\mu_3)}, \qquad -h_0h_1\delta_0^2 =\frac{\pi^2}{\prod_i\mathfrak g(\mu_i)}.(13.24) Using ⁡dz∧⁡dz‾=−2i⁡dx∧⁡dy\mathop{}\!\mathrm dz\wedge\mathop{}\!\mathrm d\bar z=-2i\mathop{}\!\mathrm dx\wedge\mathop{}\!\mathrm dy and the curvature-−1-1 convention therefore gives ωDM,μ=4π2∏i=14𝔤(μi)|z|−2(μ1+μ3)|1−z|−2(μ2+μ3)𝒜μ(z)2⁡dx∧⁡dy,z=x+iy.\boxed{\quad \omega_{\mathrm{DM},\mu} =\frac{4\pi^2}{\prod_{i=1}^4\mathfrak g(\mu_i)} \frac{|z|^{-2(\mu_1+\mu_3)} |1-z|^{-2(\mu_2+\mu_3)}}{\mathcal A_\mu(z)^2} \mathop{}\!\mathrm dx\wedge\mathop{}\!\mathrm dy,\qquad z=x+iy. \quad}(13.25) The area in the denominator is explicitly the hypergeometric combination (13.19). Although that diagonal basis is singular at balanced weights, the density extends through them by its logarithmic limit.

Its integral can also be evaluated. At z=0z=0, if δ0>0\delta_0>0 then 𝒜μ→h0\mathcal A_\mu\to h_0, while if δ0<0\delta_0<0 then 𝒜μ∼h1|z|2δ0\mathcal A_\mu\sim h_1|z|^{2\delta_0}. In both cases the metric density has the form const.|z|−2(1−|δ0|)\text{const.}\,|z|^{-2(1-|\delta_0|)}, giving cone angle 2π|δ0|2\pi|\delta_0|. At δ0=0\delta_0=0 the area has logarithmic growth and the end is a cusp. The same argument at 1,∞1,\infty gives the other two angles 2π|δ1|2\pi|\delta_1| and 2π|δ∞|2\pi|\delta_\infty|. This agrees with the three-ended cone-sphere completion described in [66, Section 5].

Gauss–Bonnet, retaining the labels, gives the integral VDM(μ)=2π(1−|δ0|−|δ1|−|δ∞|)=4πmin1≤i≤4{μi,1−μi}.\boxed{\quad V_{\mathrm{DM}}(\mu) =2\pi\bigl(1-|\delta_0|-|\delta_1|-|\delta_\infty|\bigr) =4\pi\min_{1\le i\le4}\{\mu_i,1-\mu_i\}. \quad}(13.26) For the last equality, order the weights as x1≤x2≤x3≤x4x_1\le x_2\le x_3\le x_4 and put r=1−x4r=1-x_4. The sum constraint forces x2,x3≥rx_2,x_3\ge r. The three absolute bipartition differences have sum ∑j=13|r−xj|=1−r−x1+|r−x1|=1−2min⁡(r,x1).\sum_{j=1}^3|r-x_j| =1-r-x_1+|r-x_1|=1-2\min(r,x_1). This proves the stated minimum formula. Equal weights give VDM=2πV_{\mathrm{DM}}=2\pi; for example μ=(1/4,1/2,1/2,3/4)\mu=(1/4,1/2,1/2,3/4) gives VDM=πV_{\mathrm{DM}}=\pi.

The integral here is of the smooth curvature on the open moduli space, with its cone/cusp completion. If one instead extends ∂∂‾log⁡Cbuv\partial\bar\partial\log C_b^{\mathrm{uv}} as a distribution to the compactified sphere, the explicit pairwise powers have delta masses at collisions. Their logarithms are pluriharmonic only off those collisions.

13.6 Four equal weights: the logarithmic fusion calculation

When all μi=1/2\mu_i=1/2, both δ0\delta_0 and δ1\delta_1 vanish. The functions f0,f1f_0,f_1 coincide. On the representation side, as+b=Q−asa_s+b=Q-a_s, so the two intermediate charges have the same Virasoro weight. The second solution is a regularized logarithmic, or parameter-derivative, block; it is not a second independent ordinary normalized highest-weight block at the same weight.

Use the independent periods f(z)=F(1/2,1/2;1;z)=2πK(z),g(z)=F(1/2,1/2;1;1−z)=2πK(1−z).f(z)=F(1/2,1/2;1;z)=\frac2\pi K(z),\qquad g(z)=F(1/2,1/2;1;1-z)=\frac2\pi K(1-z).(13.27) Here KK uses the parameter convention of (7.10). Put L=log⁡16L=\log16 and define ℓ0=Lf−πg,ℓ1=Lg−πf.\ell_0=Lf-\pi g,\qquad \ell_1=Lg-\pi f.(13.28) The logarithmic expansion [54, Sections 15.10 and 19.12] gives ℓ0(z)=f(z)log⁡z+4∑m≥1((1/2)mm!)2(H2m−Hm)zm,\ell_0(z)=f(z)\log z+ 4\sum_{m\ge1} \left(\frac{(1/2)_m}{m!}\right)^2 (H_{2m}-H_m)z^m, where HmH_m is a harmonic number. Thus the holomorphic part has zero constant term. The analogous statement for ℓ1\ell_1 uses log⁡(1−z)\log(1-z). Solving (13.28) gives the finite connection matrix (fℓ0)=1π(L−1L2−π2−L)(gℓ1).\boxed{\quad \begin{pmatrix}f\\\ell_0\end{pmatrix} =\frac1\pi \begin{pmatrix}L&-1\\L^2-\pi^2&-L\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}g\\\ell_1\end{pmatrix}. \quad}(13.29) It has determinant −1-1 and its square is the identity.

The limiting area pairing is 𝒜(z)=2π2Re⁡(fg¯)=8Re⁡(K(z)¯K(1−z)),(13.30)=2πL|f|2−2πRe⁡(fℓ0¯).\begin{aligned} \mathcal A(z) &=2\pi^2\operatorname{Re}(f\overline g) =8\operatorname{Re}(\overline{K(z)}K(1-z)), \\ &=2\pi L|f|^2-2\pi\operatorname{Re}(f\overline{\ell_0}). \end{aligned} The Hermitian matrices in the two displayed bases are Hfg=π2(0110),Hlog=(2πL−π−π0).H_{fg}=\pi^2\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix},\qquad H_{\log}=\begin{pmatrix}2\pi L&-\pi\\-\pi&0\end{pmatrix}.(13.31) The connection (13.29) preserves HlogH_{\log} exactly.

One can see the cancellation rather than just substitute into a singular formula. Take μ1=μ3=(1−δ)/2\mu_1=\mu_3=(1-\delta)/2 and μ2=μ4=(1+δ)/2\mu_2=\mu_4=(1+\delta)/2. Then h0=πδ+πL+O(δ),h1=−πδ+πL+O(δ),f1−f0=δℓ0+O(δ2).h_0=\frac\pi\delta+\pi L+O(\delta),\qquad h_1=-\frac\pi\delta+\pi L+O(\delta),\qquad f_1-f_0=\delta\ell_0+O(\delta^2). The pole terms cancel in (13.19), leaving (13.30). This explains precisely how the regularized residue sector survives the coincidence of the ordinary blocks.

For counterclockwise loops about 00 and 11, respectively, the period column (f,g)T(f,g)^T has monodromies (10−2i1),(1−2i01).\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\-2i&1\end{pmatrix},\qquad \begin{pmatrix}1&-2i\\0&1\end{pmatrix}. In the oriented torus-period basis Ω1=4K(z)\Omega_1=4K(z), Ω2=4iK(1−z)\Omega_2=4iK(1-z), these become N0=(1021),N1=(1−201).N_0=\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\2&1\end{pmatrix},\qquad N_1=\begin{pmatrix}1&-2\\0&1\end{pmatrix}.(13.32) They give the expected projective Γ(2)\Gamma(2) monodromy. The channel exchange z↔1−zz\leftrightarrow1-z swaps f,gf,g and acts on τ=Ω2/Ω1\tau=\Omega_2/\Omega_1 by τ↦−1/τ\tau\mapsto-1/\tau. For oriented integral cycles this is a symplectic swap up to a common phase of the developing differential.

Finally, ωDM=4π2|z(1−z)|2𝒜(z)2⁡dx∧⁡dy,𝒜(z)=8Re⁡(K(z)¯K(1−z)).\boxed{\quad \omega_{\mathrm{DM}} =\frac{4\pi^2}{|z(1-z)|^2\mathcal A(z)^2}\mathop{}\!\mathrm dx\wedge\mathop{}\!\mathrm dy, \qquad \mathcal A(z)=8\operatorname{Re}(\overline{K(z)}K(1-z)). \quad}(13.33) Indeed W(f,g)=−1/[πz(1−z)]W(f,g)=-1/[\pi z(1-z)], or equivalently τ′=−iπ/[4z(1−z)K(z)2]\tau'=-i\pi/[4z(1-z)K(z)^2]. Near z=0z=0, 𝒜(z)=2πlog⁡16|z|+O(|z|log1|z|),ωDM∼⁡dx∧⁡dy|z|2log⁡2(16/|z|).\mathcal A(z)=2\pi\log\frac{16}{|z|} +O\left(|z|\log\frac1{|z|}\right),\qquad \omega_{\mathrm{DM}}\sim \frac{\mathop{}\!\mathrm dx\wedge\mathop{}\!\mathrm dy} {|z|^2\log^2(16/|z|)}. This gives the integrable cusp density directly in the cross-ratio coordinate.

13.7 What the calculation establishes

The first-moment residue, the screened Virasoro blocks, and the independently computed Hermitian period pairing agree with all constants fixed. Under (13.3) and the stated contour-continuation conditions, the infinite spectral representation gives the same answer through its two pinches. The finite fusion transformation on the two-dimensional one-screening residue sector is the period connection matrix (13.16), with (13.29) at the fully balanced point. Its independent derivation requires no infinite-contour interchange. Matrix entries are not being identified with unspecified pointwise values of a bare bb-6j6j function.

This completes the finite four-point residue calculation. Section 14 matches its quantum-group normalization explicitly, strengthens the Gram-matrix obstruction, and computes a classical cubic saddle for the separate compact-tetrahedron degeneration.